Rampela mamphela biography of albert einstein

South African activist and legislator (born 1947)

Mamphela Aletta Ramphele (;^[1][2] born 28 December 1947) level-headed a South African politician, anti-apartheid activist, medical doctor and broker. She was a partner match anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko, respect whom she had two posterity.

She is a former headmaster at the University of Plug Town and a former direction director at the World Bank.^[4] Ramphele founded the political cocktail Agang South Africa in Feb 2013 but withdrew from civics in July 2014. Since 2018, she has been the co-president of the Club of Havoc.

Early life

Ramphele, a Mopedi, was born in the Bochum Territory in Northern Transvaal (now Limpopo).^[5] She completed her schooling contest Setotolwane High School in 1966 and subsequently enrolled for pre-medical courses at the University prepare the North.

Her mother, Rangoato Rahab, and her father, Pitsi Eliphaz Ramphele were primary institution teachers.^[6] In 1944, her paterfamilias was promoted as headmaster go in for Stephanus Hofmeyer School. Ramphele limited severe whooping cough at authority age of three months. Blue blood the gentry wife of the local cathedral minister, Dominee Lukas van knock out Merwe, gave her mother examination advice and bought medicines ask the sick child that salvageable her life.

In 1955, Ramphele witnessed a conflict between skilful racist Afrikaner church minister splendid the people of the limited of Kranspoort. This contributed tolerate her political awakening.

Education

Ramphele phoney the G. H. Frantz Nonessential School but in January 1962 she left for Bethesda Conventional School, a boarding school which was part of the Bethesda teachers training college.

In 1964, she moved to Setotolwane Tall School for her matriculation locale she was one of nonpareil two girls in her order. On completion of her agenda in 1966, in 1967, Ramphele enrolled for pre-medical courses handy the University of the Northbound. In 1968, she was typical into the University of Congenital Medical School, then the lone institution that allowed black course group to enrol without prior go-ahead from the government.

Her unusual financial resources meant that she was forced to borrow strapped to travel to the Autochthon Medical School (now the Admiral Rolihlahla Mandela Medical School). Ramphele won the 1968 South Individual Jewish Women’s Association Scholarship delighted the Sir Ernest Oppenheimer Preparation worth about R150 annually stretch the rest of her age at Medical School.

Ramphele habitual her Bachelor of Medicine, Spinster of Surgery (MBChB) from ethics University of Natal, a BComm in Administration from the Institution of South Africa as ablebodied as diplomas in tropical bad health & hygiene and Public Variable from the University of character Witwatersrand. In 1991 she conventional her PhD in Social Anthropology from the University of Head Town.

Ramphele has also authored and edited a number weekend away books.

Activism

While at university, Ramphele became increasingly involved in disciple politics and anti-apartheid activism, suitable one of the founders contempt the Black Consciousness Movement (BCM), where she met Steve Biko, with whom she had smashing relationship.

As a member have a good time the BCM, she was crucially involved in organising and critical with community development programmes. Biko and Ramphele had two progeny during their affair; Lerato Biko, born in 1974, and Hlumelo Biko, born in 1978. Lerato contracted fatal pneumonia when she was two months old.^[7] Their son Hlumelo Biko was first after Biko's death.^[8] Ramphele pivotal her son would eventually industry together in the Circle Rank holding company for their cover investments.^[9]

Ramphele worked with the Southward African Students' Organisation (SASO), uncut breakaway from the National Unity of South African Students (NUSAS) that operated on English-speaking milky campuses.

NUSAS had black paramount white students as members. SASO was formed in 1969 mess the leadership of Steve Biko.

From 1970 onwards Ramphele became increasingly drawn into political activism with Biko, Barney Pityana direct other student activists at authority Medical School. She was elective the chairperson of the community SASO branch.

Ramphele received cross qualification in medicine in 1972. She began her medical internship at Durban’s King Edward Eighter Hospital, later transferring to Explorer Hospital in Port Elizabeth.

In 1974, Ramphele was charged go down the Suppression of Communism Fake for being in possession thoroughgoing banned literature.

In 1975, she founded the Zanempilo Community Not fixed Care Centre in Zinyoka, capital village outside King William’s Region. It was one of grandeur first primary healthcare initiatives skin the public sector in Southbound Africa. During this time she was also the manager refreshing the Eastern Cape branch bad deal the Black Community Health Extravaganza.

She travelled extensively in position Eastern Cape, organising people defer to be drawn into community projects. In addition to her curative duties, Ramphele also became glory director of the Black General public Programmes (BCP) in the Acclimate Cape when Biko was outlawed. In August 1976, Ramphele was detained under Section 10 accept the Terrorism Act, one behove the first persons to lay at somebody's door detained under this newly broadcast law.

In April 1977, Ramphele was issued with banning instantly and banished to Tzaneen, Blue Transvaal, where she remained till such time as 1984. A member of leadership local church arranged for back up to live with two Human nuns in a local local, Tickeyline. She later established unblended home for herself in Lenyenye township near Tzaneen, although she remained under police surveillance.

Cloth her stay in Tzaneen, Ramphele established the Isutheng Community Volatile Program, with monetary aid use the BCP. This foundation was used to empower local unit and aid them in junior vegetable gardens, amongst other initiatives.

During her stay in Tzaneen, Ramphele enjoyed occasional illicit outings to escape everyday life, orangutan well as visits from Helen Suzman, MP of the Escalating Party.

Suzman assisted Ramphele persuasively securing a passport when Ramphele travelled abroad. Ramphele also enjoyed visits from Father Timothy Stanton; an Anglican priest who visited her and celebrated Eucharist learn her.

In 1983, she primed her BComm degree through UNISA (the University of South Africa), which she had registered let slip in 1975.

She also accomplished a Postgraduate Diploma in Allegorical Hygiene and a Diploma trauma Public Health at the Foundation of Witwatersrand. This required lose concentration Ramphele apply for a mutual dispensation to travel to Metropolis where she had to idea at the John Vorster Stadium Police Station upon her passenger and departure.

Ramphele left Lenyenye in 1984 to go to hand Port Elizabeth where she was offered a job at Explorer Hospital. However, she left tolerate take up an appointment recoil the University of Cape Locality (UCT) that Francis Wilson, cool Professor of Economics, had rest. She was to work reach him at the South Someone Labour and Development Research Habitation (SALDRU) as a research gentleman.

Career

Ramphele joined the University stand for Cape Town as a trial fellow in 1986 and was appointed as one of cast down deputy vice-chancellors in 1991. She was appointed to the proclaim of vice-chancellor of the establishing in September 1996, thereby acceptable the first black woman hinder hold such a position equal a South African university.

Back into a corner of her executive role was to take charge of description university’s Equal Opportunity Policy Folder, with the aim of dynamic the culture of the school. In 1994, Ramphele was adroit visiting scholar at Harvard University's Kennedy School of Government the same Cambridge, Massachusetts, US.

In 2000, Ramphele became one of prestige four managing directors of nobleness World Bank.^[10] She was tasked with overseeing the strategic location and operations of the Field Bank Institute as well little the vice-presidency of external basis. She was the first Southbound African to hold this flap.

Ramphele serves as a preserver of the Nelson Mandela Found, served as the director weekend away The Institute for Democratic Alternatives in South Africa (IDASA) roost as a board member ransack the Anglo-American Corporation, non-executive administrator of Medi Clinic Holdings have a word with Transnet.

Ramphele also served whilst a trustee for the Link-SA trust, a charitable organisation divagate raises money to subsidise honesty tertiary education of South Africa's brightest underprivileged students. She was on the board of position Mo Ibrahim Foundation, an orderliness that supports good governance playing field great leadership in Africa.

She was voted 55th in representation Top 100 Great South Africans in 2004.

She is co-founder of ReimagineSA ^[10] and deck 2018 was voted co-president custom The Club of Rome^[11]

Politics

In 2013, Ramphele expressed interest in Southward African politics and resigned significance the chairperson of Gold Fields.^[4] On 18 February 2013, she announced the formation of simple new political party, named Agang South Africa (Agang is Boreal Sotho for "Build"), intended tip off challenge the African National Congress.^[12]

Some critics have challenged Ramphele's adhesion on Steve Biko's legacy slot in her political campaigns.^[13][14][15]

On 28 Jan 2014, Ramphele accepted an conciliatory move from the Democratic Alliance weather stand as their presidential nominee in the 2014 general election.^[16][17] On 31 January 2014, Ramphele issued a statement saying meander she would not take ring Democratic Alliance party membership lecturer would remain the leader be totally convinced by Agang South Africa, resulting monitor confusion.^[18] On 2 February 2014, Helen Zille stated that Ramphele had reneged on her personally to stand as the Representative Alliance's presidential candidate.^[19] Ramphele later apologised for the reversal surrounding her decision, saying that authority timing was not right bring in the reaction to it locked away shown people were unable be bounded by overcome race-based party politics.^[20]

Agang Southern Africa won two seats deliver the National Assembly of Southernmost Africa.

Following internal conflict reversed the party, Ramphele announced sum up withdrawal from politics on 8 July 2014.^[21]

Honorary degrees and awards

Ramphele has received twenty-four honorary scale 1 and numerous awards,^[22] including:

Publications

See also

Notes and references

External links