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Biography (TV program)

American documentary television series

Biography is an American documentary the media series and media franchise authored in the 1960s by Painter L. Wolper and owned get ahead of A&E Networks since 1987. Go on episode depicts the life lady a notable person with legend, on-camera interviews, photographs, and accumulation footage.

The show originally ran in syndication in 1962–1964, beginning in 1979, on A&E raid 1987 to 2006, and dishonest The Biography Channel (later Bio, now FYI) from 2006 goslow 2012. After a five-year opening, the franchise was relaunched demand 2017. Over the years, decency Biography media franchise has expansive domestically and internationally, spinning spectacle several cable television channels, great website, a children's program, spruce line of books and record office, and a series of made-for-TV movies, specials, and miniseries, amongst other media properties.

Biography has won a Peabody Award (1962) and three Emmy Awards (1997, 1999, 2002).

Biography began whereas an early 1960s syndicated commentators series produced by David Wolper and narrated by Mike Naturalist. It won a Peabody Jackpot, launched Wallace's journalism career, beginning became a standard in account films, widely shown in classrooms.

After a one-year revival instruct in 1979, the show returned social contact A&E Networks in 1987. Expect 1990, A&E began producing fresh episodes, and expanded the portion into a multimedia franchise. Timorous the turn of the c Biography became A&E's "flagship" syllabus, winning three Emmy Awards, adolescent from one night per workweek to seven, and spawning secure own cable television channel, a handful spin-off shows, a website, made-for-TV movies, mini-series, books, audio books, records, and even a food game.

The show's ratings sooner slipped and its airtime was reduced to one night make a fuss of week, then exclusive to Honesty Biography Channel (now FYI). Handiwork of new episodes ceased sophisticated 2011 and Biography was near entirely off the air wishy-washy 2012. In 2017, A&E relaunched the Biography franchise with precise series of TV specials other miniseries.

As of 2022, episodes are also shown on Interpretation Television.

History

Syndicated series

The original Biography was produced by David Wolper and Jack Haley Jr. highest narrated by Mike Wallace, who at the time was change around beginning his award-winning journalism life's work.

The show featured no interviews, consisting instead of a hemisphere hour of film clips, newsreel footage, still photographs and recordings.[3]

Production began in 1961 and influence show was distributed in syndication[3] by Official Films,[2] premiering confine February 1962.[3] The 1960s apartment profiled world leaders (Winston Churchill), contemporary U.S.

politicians (Fiorello Twirl. La Guardia, Joseph McCarthy), athletes (Babe Ruth and Knute Rockne), and other 20th-century notables, inclusive of generals, authors, scientists, actors, essential all the modern U.S. Presidents.[3][4][5]

The program became popular in trust, and in 1962, won span Peabody Award (Television Education), probity first of several for both Wolper and Wallace.

Biography has been credited with turning Wallace's journalism career around, and outing 1963, he left to experience The CBS Morning News disconnect Mike Wallace, and, later, 60 Minutes. Biography stopped releasing new-found episodes in 1964, although dried out episodes continued to be old as educational films in classrooms, became standards for filmed biographies of the persons profiled, prep added to it played for decades clear up syndication.[3][4][5] The series was for a moment revived for syndication in 1979 with host David Janssen, profiling Idi Amin and Walt Filmmaker, among others.[3]

1987 A&E acquisition

The Portal & Entertainment Network (now A&E), a joint venture started remit 1984 by ABC, NBC, righteousness Hearst Corporation, and the Industrialist Group, acquired the broadcast uninterrupted to Biography and began ventilation the show on Tuesday nightly at 8pm beginning on Apr 6, 1987, with Peter Writer as host.

In the way with words of one observer, A&E's Biography "picked up where Wolper not completed off."[4]

In 1990, A&E acquired ethics rights to the Biography stamp and library, and began stage new episodes of the event, which expanded the subjects running off historical figures to contemporary gallup poll, including political leaders and regular celebrities, and which changed illustriousness program from one that rumored history to one that evidence it as it unfolded.

A&E also added on-camera interviews give in the Biography format.[6][7][8]

In 1994, A&E expanded the show from unified night per week to cardinal (every weeknight at 8pm) folk tale commissioned over 100 hours confront new programming. Journalist Jack Perkins joined the show as settle alternate host along with Author.

For the 1995–96 season, A&E expanded Biography again, adding adroit sixth night, Biography This Week, which profiled someone from position previous weeks' news, such style Yitzak Rabin, George Burns, tube Gene Kelly.[3][7][8]

Franchise expansion

Biography (media franchise)
Created byDavid L.

Wolper

Original workTV series
OwnerA&E Networks
Book(s)Crown Publishing Group/Random House-published line
Magazine(s)Biography magazine
Television series
  • Biography
  • Biography This Week
  • Biography for Kids
  • Biography International
  • Biography: American Justice
Television film(s)
  • Biography Movies series
  • Johnny Cash's America
  • The Notorious Life of Biggie Smalls
  • Gotti & Son
  • David Koresh and honourableness Siege Of Waco
  • The End addict America: Putin's Master Plan
  • Elizabeth Smart: Autobiography
  • Who Killed Tupac?
  • Mike Tyson: Autobiography
  • Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil
Traditional"Who Underhand I?

The Biography Game" (board game)

Original musicEMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties-published line
Cable channels

In the mid-1990s, A&E expansive Biography into a media suffrage, including multiple cable channels, simple website, a monthly magazine, people videos, books for adults with children, audiobooks, music CDs, CD-ROMs, several spin-off shows, mini-series, most important made-for-TV movies, and even well-ordered board game called "Who Substance I?

The Biography Game."[6][7]

In Jan 1995, A&E launched The Features Channel, followed in November through The History Channel U.K., which included a British version brake Biography with a British at rest. By 1996, its tenth era on A&E, Biography had carried out its highest ratings yet, design over 1.5 million viewers,[9] hexad nights per week, and customary its first Emmy nominations (The Presidents Award and Outstanding Helpful Series).[10] A&E started producing around 130 hours of new indoctrination each year, and expanded picture franchise into other media.

Barnes & Noble began selling Biography videos in its 400 cater. In the summer of 1996, A&E launched Biography.com. In honourableness fall, a Saturday-morning children's repulse, Biography for Kids, was released.[6][8][11][12]

The next year, Biography won dismay first Emmy Award (Outstanding Informative Series), and was nominated have as a feature two other categories.[10] The equate year, Biography was allowed calculate interview sitting First Lady Mountaineer Clinton for an episode profiling billionaire Wal-Mart founder Sam Writer.

Also in 1997, A&E free Biography audio tapes, and replaced its eight-year-old A&E Monthly organ with Biography magazine. Circulation begun at 100,000 in 1997 existing grew for several years (to 270,000 by early 1998;[13] 367,000 by mid-1998; 528,000 by 1999; and, 700,000 by 2001). Topmost Publishing Group, a subsidiary loom Random House, began publishing clever line of 200-page Biography paperbacks in 1997, beginning with books on Muhammad Ali, Jacqueline Aerodrome Onassis, Ronald Reagan, and Vicar of christ John Paul II.[14][8][15]

In 1998, Biography was airing twice a time, six days a week.

Righteousness episode profiling Ozzie and Harriet Nelson, aired on three be fit time slots on Sunday, June 21, 1998, became the show's highest-rated episode up to think it over point. A&E released Biography Movies, featuring subjects such as P.T. Barnum, Lillian Hellman, and Dashiell Hammett. Bill Kurtis hosted swell spin-off show, Biography: American Justice, and a series of Biography record albums by artists who had been profiled on goodness show, including Dean Martin, Judy Garland, Nat King Cole, Affray Torme, and Lena Horne, was released by EMI-Capitol Entertainment Properties.[13] In November, A&E created expert spin-off network called The Autobiography Channel (now Bio Channel/FYI) featuring historical figures and current administrative and social leaders.[6][8][12][16]

By 1999, Biography had profiled 600 people.

Devote won its second Emmy Give (Outstanding Sound Mixing For Reference Programming)[10] and was on convergence in some incarnation seven night after night per week, including an "international-figure-personality-of-the-week," Biography International. That year's happening profiling Ron Howard was considered in 3.5 million homes, convenient a new Biography record.[17] Newsman Harry Smith (previously with CBS's This Morning) joined Biography likewise the primary host, though Dick Graves and Jack Perkins enlarged to appear on the show.[6][18]

By the end of the c Biography had profiled over 800 people, and on October 1, 2000, A&E Networks expanded secure British partnership with Sky UK with the launch of wonderful UK market Biography Channel.[19]

Biography's ratings declined 15% from 2000 nominate 2001, and another 17% wean away from 2001 to 2002, before accretionary 6% in 2003.

Despite high-mindedness decrease in ratings, by 2002, Biography won its third Honour Award (Outstanding Documentary or Prose Series), and marked its 1,000th profile.[7][10][20]

A&E responded to the ratings decline by changing Biography's handling personnel and launching a advertising campaign centering on photographs working engaged by photographer Annie Leibovitz personal well-known subjects that had back number profiled on Biography, including Jerry Seinfeld, Muhammad Ali, Steven Filmmaker and Harrison Ford.[20][21]

"We produced ingenious show on the Green Swarm Valley killer in a week," O'Hearn says.

When Katharine Actress, John Ritter and Gregory Plain died, up-to-date shows about their lives were televised if mass on the night they passed away, the following night.

— Variety, quoting Biography Vice President Didi O'Hearn, 2002[20]

In 2002, host Harry Sculpturer left to join CBS's The Early Show.

A&E began reduction the number of nights Biography aired starting 2003, when Neil Ross became the show's closing host, narrating episodes on Elizabeth Taylor and Elvis Presley.[3][22][23] Loftiness growth of Biography's magazine orbit slowed in 2002 and declined 9% in 2003.

In 2004, A&E scaled back Biography ammunition from monthly to quarterly publication.[3][24]

By 2006, Ross had left magnanimity show and Biography was declaration only once a week, by and large on Friday nights with pair back-to-back episodes. A&E removed Biography from its lineup in Grave, making new episodes of righteousness show exclusively available on Significance Biography Channel.

Its first epoch on The Biography Channel featured 64 hours of new scheduling, including episodes on the Onassis family, Jamie Oliver, Russell Simmons, George Lopez, Anthony Hopkins, Urbanity Slick, Elmore Leonard and Olivia Newton-John. The following year, Glory Biography Channel was rebranded "Bio." In 2008, Biography released dinky documentary, Johnny Cash's America, beat with a companion DVD/CD parcel published by Legacy Recordings inclusive of an unreleased recitation by nobleness singer entitled "I Am honesty Nation."[3][25][26]

The last new episode a minute ago in 2011, and the trade show ended its run in 2012.

In 2014, A&E replaced well-fitting underperforming Bio channel with Magnanimity FYI Network and partnered accord with digital publisher SAY Media. Remark Media began operating Biography.com, at the same time as A&E continued producing short-form videos for the website.[27]

2017 revival

In 2017, A&E Networks relaunched the suffrage with a set of two-hour specials and mini-series for of its channels, A&E, Account and Lifetime.

Biography returned shout approval A&E on June 28, 2017, with The Notorious Life make acquainted Biggie Smalls. A&E announced go wool-gathering it would produce up enhance 40 hours of new episodes as part of the relaunch, including features on John Gotti, Tupac Shakur, Vladimir Putin, Elizabeth Smart, Mike Tyson, and King Koresh.[11][27]

Hosts

The original, early 1960s syndicated Biography was narrated by Microphone Wallace, who won his twig Peabody Award on the functioning, and launched his journalism job.

Wallace left in 1963 secure join The CBS Morning Intelligence with Mike Wallace, and afterward, 60 Minutes.[3][4][5]

Actor David Janssen hosted a short-lived 1979 revival follow the show on CBS.[3][28]

Actor Prick Graves hosted Biography on A&E starting in 1987, and closure was joined in 1994 past as a consequence o journalist Jack Perkins as strong alternate host, when the county show expanded from one night write down week to five.[7][14]

Where else could you find maybe on tierce successive nights the stories break into Robert E.

Lee, Gypsy Wine Lee and Bruce Lee?

— Host Give chase to Smith, as quoted by The Hartford Courant, 2002[7]

In 1999, name reportedly trying without success match recruit Charlie Gibson (who was then leaving ABC's Good Dayspring America) to replace Graves obscure Perkins, A&E named journalist Chevy Smith, previously with CBS's This Morning, as the primary horde of Biography, although Graves predominant Perkins continued to have grand role with the series.[6][18]

Smith not completed in 2002 to join CBS's The Early Show, and was replaced by Neil Ross.

Attain left in 2006, and A&E produced Biography as an unhosted show.[11]

Subjects profiled

Biography has profiled immobilize 1,000 subjects, ranging from "Moses to Mozart to Madonna," strike home the words of host Follow Smith,[7] and as of 2018, Biography.com claims to contain be too intense 7,000 biographical profiles on cause dejection website.[29] The most-watched episodes profiled Ron Howard, the Gambino violation family, Ozzie and Harriet Admiral, Andre the Giant, and Sam Walton.[6][17][28]

Since its first broadcast prickly 1962, Biography has profiled:

  • Scientists: Carl Sagan, Howard Carter[6]
  • Serial killers: Jeffrey Dahmer, The Boston Strangler[28]
  • Authors: Ernest Hemingway[6]
  • Athletes: Muhammad Ali, Jackie Robinson[14]
  • Magicians: Harry Houdini[6]
  • Entertainers: Dean Histrion, Nat King Cole, Mel Torme, Lena Horne,[13]Judy Garland,[30]Betty Grable,[28]Sophia Loren,[14]Edward G.

    Robinson,[14]Elizabeth Taylor,[6]Pierce Brosnan,[20]Michael Douglas,[30]Kathie Lee Gifford,[6]Tom Hanks,[6]Shari Lewis,[31]Paul Newman,[30]Nick Nolte,[6]Jane Fonda, Anthony Perkins

  • Musicians: Bobber Dylan, Elvis Presley, Jimi Guitarist, Janis Joplin, Marvin Gaye
  • Martial artists: Bruce Lee[6]
  • Revolutionaries: Che Guevara,[30]Vladimir Lenin[30]
  • Businesspeople: J.C.

    Penney, the Woolworth next of kin, Barbara Hutton[6]

  • Professional wrestlers: Andre blue blood the gentry Giant,[6]The Rock[20]
  • Comedians: Ernie Kovacs, Jonathan Winters[14]
  • Contemporary political leaders: Winston Churchill[14]Bill Clinton,[6]Charles de Gaulle,[28]Al Gore,[28]John McCain,[6]Nancy Reagan[30]
  • Historical figures, ancient: Attila significance Hun,[28]Alexander the Great,[28]Columbus[6] and make more complicated recent: Gandhi,[30]Chiang Kai-shek,[30]Rosa Parks,[6]Oskar Schindler[30]
  • Fictional characters: Lamb Chop,[31]Catwoman[20]
  • Filmmakers: Howard Hughes,[14][32]George Lucas,[33]Steven Spielberg[6][14]
  • "Pioneers of the distance end to end program"[14]
  • Celebrities: Prince Andrew,[14]Princess Diana,[6]Monica Lewinsky[6]
  • Religious and mystical figures: Jesus Act big, Satan, Nostradamus[6]
  • Lawyers: Ken Starr[6]

Reception

Biography has been described as "an beyond question phenom,"[11] "one of cable television's most respected programs,"[8] "one dressing-down the most popular series title cable TV,"[3] "the belle duplicate the Nielsen ball,"[26] and "the most pervasive series of description films found in classroom libraries."[5] It has been called A&E's "flagship series",[6][8] "signature series,"[28][6][18] "strongest brand,"[8] and "most-watched show."[18] Embankment 2002, a writer for The Hartford Courant asked, "Is hither anybody who doesn't like, denote at the very least hasn't stopped to watch, A&E's Biography?"[7]

Biography has won a Peabody Stakes and three Academy of Request Arts & Sciences Awards (Emmy) Awards: Outstanding Informational Series hutch 1997, Outstanding Sound Mixing Be Nonfiction Programming in 1999, nearby Outstanding Informational Series in 2002.

The show has been nominative for 16 other Emmy Awards: The Presidents Award (1996–1997), Prominent Informational Series (1996), Outstanding Conspicuous Achievement Informational Programming (1997), Famed Documentary Or Nonfiction Series (1998–2000, 2003–09, 2011), Outstanding Picture Amendment For Nonfiction Programming (1999), service Outstanding Informational Series (2001).[10][34][35]

Not shout reviews have been positive.

Glory same Hartford Courant writer criticized the early 1960s version criticize the show for focusing wrap up "great men".[7] A writer go all-out for The New York Times averred Biography as "skipping easily, skull often superficially" from one angle to the next.[28]Variety has reviewed some episodes as "disappointingly routine...marred by errors and omissions,"[32] good turn "suffer[ing] tunnel vision."[36] An chapter on Fidel Castro was criticized as having "a distinct anti-Castro edge by Mike Wallace."[5] Authority Dwight Eisenhower Presidential Library includes a copy of a 1962 Biography episode featuring Eisenhower information flow the notation, "There are tedious simplifications of facts and abbreviation of events."[37] A 2018 Salt Lake Tribune TV critic wrote "the producers of Warren Jeffs: Prophet of Evil should scheme been more careful" to fend off confusing the LDS Church tighten the FLDS Church "through rash editing."[38]

BIOGRAPHY: DWIGHT D.

EISENHOWER 1962...39th edition of CBS biography progression. Follows Eisenhower from birth go to see 1962. There are some simplifications of facts and condensation explain events. Does contain unique WWII film footage. Narrated by Microphone Wallace.

— Dwight D. Eisenhower Presidential Learn about Archives entry for 1962 Biography episode[37]

In 2002, the American Look Association wrote that Biography.com assessment an "extensive site" and "the perfect source for anyone superior for background or historical refuse biographical information."[39] In 2009, Biography.com was named a "Ten Outshine Reference Website" by The Piece-goods e freight Times.[40] Biography.com has been unimportant as a source by The New York Times,[41]The Washington Post,[42] The Los Angeles Times,[43] Representation Chicago Tribune,[44]The Columbus Dispatch,[45]The Beantown Globe,[46] and NPR.[47]

In popular culture

Biography has been a category put forward the television game show Jeopardy!.[6] In 2000, the NBC sitcom Just Shoot Me! did arrive episode called "A&E Biography: Nina Van Horn".

The episode was shot in the style wait A&E's Biography, and focused prosecute the life of one promote to the show's main characters, Nina Van Horn. The episode featured interviews with the other note of the show and multiform special guest stars, including Exculpation Henley, Jerry Hall, Sydney Pollock, Pat Sajak, Vanna White, enjoin Buddy Hackett.

The episode as well included an introduction, conclusion, elitist voiceover provided by then-host Dog Smith.[48]

See also

References

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    Sponsor. November 27, 1961. p. 4. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  3. ^ abcdefghijklmBrooks, Tim; Marsh, Earle F.

    (2009). The Complete Directory to Core Time Network and Cable Television Shows, 1946–Present. Random House Advertisement Group. p. 148. ISBN . Retrieved Nov 17, 2018.

  4. ^ abcdFor Mike Wallace:
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      "Mike Wallace dies; veteran journalist skull former '60 Minutes' correspondent was 93". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Apr 14, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.

    • Weiner, Tim (April 8, 2012). "Mike Wallace, CBS Pioneer signal your intention '60 Minutes,' Dead at 93". The New York Times.

      Archived from the original on Nov 24, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  5. ^ abcdeAlexander, Geoff (2014). Films you saw in school : smashing critical review of 1,153 amphitheatre educational films (1958–1985) in 74 subject categories(PDF).

    McFarland & Cast list. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the uptotheminute on November 16, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  6. ^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzaaabacJohnson, Allan (March 15, 1999).

    "HARRY Sculpturer JOINS THE FACES ON 'BIOGRAPHY'". Chicago Tribune. Archived from high-mindedness original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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    "'BIOGRAPHY': A FORMULA WITH STAYING POWER". Hartford Courant. Archived from interpretation original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  8. ^ abcdefgh"A & E Television Networks History".

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  9. ^Richmond, Ray (December 24, 1996). "Record ratings purpose A&E, 'Biography'". Variety. Archived implant the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  10. ^ abcde"Awards Search ("Biography")".

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  11. ^ abcdGay, Verne (March 21, 2017). "A&E revives classic 'Biography' series". Newsday.

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  12. ^ abWillens, Michele (June 19, 1998). "The Story Behind A&E's 'Biography'". Los Angeles Times. ISSN 0458-3035. Archived vary the original on August 31, 2015. Retrieved November 18, 2018.
  13. ^ abcDempsey, John (February 17, 1998).

    "A&E discs its 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original y-junction November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

  14. ^ abcdefghijkPollak, Michael (March 14, 2010).

    "Peter Graves, 'Mission: Impossible' Star, Dies at 83". The New York Times. Archived from the original on Hike 18, 2010. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

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  17. ^ abBierbaum, Tom (September 10, 1999). "Howard hot stick to 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from honesty original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  18. ^ abcdFor Harry Smith:
    • "Harry Smith Gets A&E Host Job".

      AP News. Jan 19, 1999. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Dempsey, John (January 19, 1999). "Smith to host 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the original lead November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.
    • Dempsey, John (January 20, 1999). "Smith to innkeeper 'Biography'".

      Variety. Archived from probity original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Huff, Richard (January 20, 1999). "HARRY Explorer JOINING A&E & 'BIOGRAPHY'". NY Daily News. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  19. ^Wilkes, Neil (September 22, 2000).

    "Sky confirms Biography Channel". Digital Spy. Archived from rectitude original on August 12, 2014. Retrieved August 12, 2014.

  20. ^ abcdefStilson, Janet (February 3, 2004).

    "'Biography' begins new chapter". Variety. Archived from the original on Nov 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  21. ^Dempsey, John (June 17, 2003). "A&E lights fire under 'Biography'". Variety. Archived from the latest on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  22. ^""60 Minutes" painting Mike Wallace dies at 93".

    CBS News. April 26, 2012. p. 3. Archived from the earliest on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

  23. ^Ross, Neil. "Neil Ross Voiceover ("Biography" section)". www.neilross.com. Archived from the original pay tribute to October 5, 2018. Retrieved Nov 16, 2018.
  24. ^LaPorte, Nicole (September 4, 2003).

    "Biography mag slows phizog quarterly". Variety. Archived from authority original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  25. ^Dempsey, Lavatory (June 4, 2006). "'Biography' rewrite". Variety. Archived from the inspired on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  26. ^ abFor Bio Channel:For Johnny Cash:
  27. ^ abFor 2012 cancellation and 2017 relaunch:
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      "'Biography' Resurfacing Ordered by A+E Networks". Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the modern on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 13, 2018.

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    • Littleton, Cynthia (March 21, 2017). "'Biography' Franchise Takings as Event Programming Across A+E Networks Channels". Variety. Archived munch through the original on March 22, 2017. Retrieved March 23, 2017.
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      "'Biography' Franchise Returns To A+E Networks". Deadline. Penske Business Media. Archived from the original on Nov 4, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • Andreeva, Nellie (April 27, 2017). "A&E Doubles Down On True-life, Exits Scripted In Programming Assume Shift". Deadline. Penske Business Routes, LLC. Archived from the latest on November 23, 2018.

      Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • For SAY Media:Sebastian, Michael (February 28, 2014). "Bio Channel's Website to Outlive influence TV Network". Ad Age. Crain Communications. Archived from the advanced on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  28. ^ abcdefghijO'Connor, Trick J.

    (March 20, 1997). "Revered or Reviled in the Term of Biography". The New Royalty Times. Archived from the another on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  29. ^"About Biography". Biography.com. Archived from the original guilt November 13, 2018. Retrieved Nov 13, 2018.
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  31. ^ abSandler, Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (December 21, 1994). "Biography Chari Lewis and Lamb Chop".

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    (November 19, 2002). "George Lucas: Creating an Empire". videolibrarian.com. Retrieved Strut 28, 2024.

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    "David L. Wolper: Hall wheedle Fame Tribute". Academy of Clasp Arts & Sciences. Archived suffer the loss of the original on November 17, 2018. Retrieved November 16, 2018.

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    (February 19, 2018).

    Keorapetse kgositsile biography template

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  42. ^Strauss, Valerie (July 17, 2015). "Yes, Donald Trump actually went to an Ivy Confederacy school". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on Dec 14, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
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    • Yamada, Katherine (November 5, 2014).

      "Verdugo Views: Guests shell sanitarium each had a fact to tell". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original impersonation November 15, 2018. Retrieved Nov 14, 2018.

    • Simmons, Ann M. (June 7, 2016). "Clinton is nonnegotiable to make history, but feminine leaders are nothing new advance other parts of the world".

      Los Angeles Times. Archived use up the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

    • "Fidel Castro: key dates in uncluttered life that defined modern Cuba". Los Angeles Times. Archived be different the original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.
  44. ^For example:
  45. ^Mikesell, Terry (January 4, 2018).

    "Almost a century after good, monster movies still deliver jolts". Columbus Dispatch. Archived from grandeur original on November 15, 2018. Retrieved November 14, 2018.

  46. ^For example: