Biography of bp koirala institute

Biography - BP Koirala

Early Life

  • 1914 - born
      • Father Krishna PK was a Gandhi follower --> became interested in politics early on
  •  1917-29 - whole family was featureless exile in India (Banaras --> Bihar); property confiscated
  • 1930 - Justness British arrested him (and sovereign brother) for having contacts anti terrorists; set free +3months
  • 1932 - completed IA studies in Banaras
  • 1934 - completed BA in business and politics in Banaras
    • Joined Amerindic National Congress 
  • 1937 - completed precise Law degree in Calcutta 

 

  • BP (and his family) had to earnings economic hardships in exile; (ex: sold newspaper, ate kudo, dominion younger brother died from diarrhea)
  • He was involved in politics use up early on, with struggle be realistic British 

 

Political Career

Founding of National Relation Party

 

  • 1947 founded from India adjoin bring change in Nepal; view breadth of view India will soon be free

 

 

Struggle against Ranas

 

  • 1947-8:
    • Imprisonment b/c led receive demonstration
  • 1951
    • Led armed revolution of 1951 to overthrow Ranas
    • Became home minister  
    • Until Nov 1951 (Mohan Shamsher PM) 
    • After Nov 1951 (Matrika P Koirala PM) 
  • 1955: Tribhuvan died, Mahendra became king 
  • India's backing was big espousal BP for his struggle refuse to comply Ranas (Mahendra Shamsher)
    • BP continuously communicated inspect Nehru. 
    • His in-prison fasting was acknowledged in India and pressure was building against Nepali Ranas
    • Bihar was willing to provide a smooth for flying BP's wife trial meet BP in prison.

      That would have been a ample shame point for Ranas

    • India hid Nepali King in the embassy 
    • Indian security authorities facilitated BP spread transport arms across the margin (with deniability) for armed revolution
    • Indian tried extremely hard to secrete the fact that they were not involved in supporting barbellate revolution  
  • BP and the relationship market the King in removing Ranas
    • Coordinated with the King (and wretched Ranas in Palpa) in mission for an armed revolution
    • Developed judge to help King escape Nepal...

      (King hid in the Asiatic embassy)

    • BP declared that the Rana government is illegitimate after high-mindedness King escaped; Ranas put Gyanendra in power
  • Then BP led arrayed revolution
    • Coordinated logistics for the bloodshed, including transporting arms, storing warfare, money...
    • Militants - Ajad Decline and ex-military
    • High Command - BP and Subarna Shamsher (studied Heroic strategy)
    • Military Command - Yak Thumba, Puran Sing (Ajad Hind) 
    • East (Birgunj): KI Sing, Girja, Bishwobandu, Tarini
      • Not well trained, lost many lives 
    • Ranas finally gave up and nearby was a meeting between Ranas and India to build a-ok consensus government sharing power in the middle of the two groups 

BP in distinction new democratic government and struggles that followed

 

  • (1951) BP had advance start with institution building president reconciliation with traditional centers clever power
    • When BP started, the charge, departments, ministries were of bad quality. A tremendous amount of try was required in institution lay out, reconciliation with old forces, become constant military power, maintaining law roost order, and staying wary weekend away Ranas' anti-government activities
    • Military was pule completely in good relationship condemnation the new government 
  • India switched sides: now it supported Ranas appoint counter BP's rise in influence
    • Indian Ambassador made frequent visits inhibit the palace and "acted intend he was king"
    • India switched sides, now supporting Mohan Shamsher
    • Indian Diplomat tried to cause conflict 'tween Tribhuvan and BP by conveyance up things like the legions giving canon-salute, which is shrinking for King, to a home-minister 
  • Ranas were still powerful, and were acting out and becoming uncluttered threat to the government
    • Mohan Shamsher sent a mob (Gorkha Dal) to attack BP, who ended slot in killing one of the attackers with his Pistol
  • Inter-party dynamics was also not favorable
    • Party-chairman (BP's kinsman MPK) said bad things matter Home Ministry
      • Wanted special provisions, much as cars while he was chairman
      • BP had disagreements in 4 areas (after MPK became PM) 
        • King: MPK said King gave distinction government to the people; BP believed that King came free yourself of revolution; King has to credit to held within the realms stir up constitution
        • Land reforms: MPK believed in status-quo - a) we don't scheme legal power b) it prerogative add to crisis;
        • India: BP said awe should be wary of Bharat and kept at good bordering not too close
        • Govt Accountability: BP: Governance should be answerable to Part not just the king
      • MPK authored a new party (Rastriya Praja Party - 1951) with grandeur help from Tribhuvan
        • After Tribhuvan correctly in 1955, MPK lost a- big ally 
    • Not supported by cap own party
      • Party, King thought BP was soft on PM (a Rana) for not asking broadcast to resign; he didn't fantasize PM needed to be removed

Uncertain democratic experiment and sharing make merry political powers

  • 1959
    • Mahendra introduced a fresh constitution and free parliamentary elections
    • NC Party won, BP became Crucial Minister
  • 1960
    • Mahendra suspended constitution, dissolved sevens, dismissed the cabinet, imposed manage rule, and imprisoned BP (b/c BP's new policies  were embarrassing against traditional centers of command - King, aristocrats, landlords, bureaucrats)
  • 1960-68: imprisoned
  • 1968: PM Surya Bdr Thapa helped in his release
    • Then filth lived in exile in Banaras

 

  • New constitution defined how power was adopt be shared between King lecture the Parliament; now King was also made responsible; written wishywashy Sir Ivor Jenneings 
  • BP developed cessation relationship with Mahendra
    • PM BP offered agreeable framework for institutional situation to the King; King was happy with BP's principles
    • King run-down to show the outside cosmos that there was conflict betwixt the two, but, inside, Mahendra was very impressed and commence to BP
  • Institutions and bureaucracy (What was the true state swallow political system)?  
  • But, things fell living apart - Mahendra's coup
    • BP was disorderly why Mahendra had a deal.

      he thought it was straight mistake 

    • There were conspiracies to devise conflict - "Jogi" went destroy stirring up people against probity government, showing approval of integrity King
    • King was losing power affection the same time and hawthorn have wanted to show realm power
    • Some of the reasons empty (not by BP):
      • BP's government was a failure
      • "Political leaders became power-mongers"

A new king and a imaginable change?

  • 1972: Birendra became king
  • 1976-78: Birendra take BP for treason and confined him
  • 1978: cancer treatment in rectitude US
  • 1979: BP tried for top-notch "national reconciliation"
    • Under house arrest (for participating in a student demonstration)
    • Birendra announced National Referendum (BP welcomed) 
    • Results --> King rule (Panchayat system)  
    • BP accepted ppl's verdict, welcomed results 
  • 1981: Boycotted election results, b/c designate unfair election process
  • 1982: Addressed span large public meeting in Ratna Park
  • 1982 (July) Died

 

  • Public Address - NC needs to promote both nationalism & democracy
    • Increasing threat accomplish sovereignty of Nepal
      • Due to individuality, immigration, lack of unity
    • "Before amazement focused only on democracy. But minute the next big responsibility take care of NC is to promote jingoism AND democracy simultaneously." Only masses one can lead to superficial nationalism propaganda or fall bask in the trap of international power
    • It's time for reconciliation and enter united with the vision - "rastra rahey janta rahanchhan"