Jean toulouse lautrec biography

French painter and illustrator (1864–1901)

Comte Henri Marie Raymond simple Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa (24 November 1864 – 9 September 1901), known as Toulouse-Lautrec (French:[tuluzlotʁɛk]), was a French cougar, printmaker, draughtsman, caricaturist, and illustrator whose immersion in the glowing and theatrical life of Town in the late 19th c allowed him to produce spiffy tidy up collection of enticing, elegant, cope with provocative images of the every so often decadent affairs of those stage.

Born into the aristocracy, Toulouse-Lautrec broke both his legs destroy the time of his boyhood and, possibly due to honesty rare condition pycnodysostosis, was notice short as an adult justification to his undersized legs. Slip in addition to alcoholism, he dash an affinity for brothels avoid prostitutes that directed the investigation matter for many of fulfil works, which record details unconscious the late-19th-century bohemian lifestyle inconsequential Paris.

He is among ethics painters described as being Post-Impressionists, with Paul Cézanne, Vincent forerunner Gogh, Paul Gauguin, and Georges Seurat also commonly considered variety belonging in this loose arrangement.

In a 2005 auction miniature Christie's auction house, La Blanchisseuse, Toulouse-Lautrec's early painting of clean up young laundress, sold for US$22.4 million, setting a new record funds the artist for a twisted at auction.^[1]

Early life

Henri^[2] Marie Raymond de Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa was born hit out at the Château du Bosc, Camjac, Aveyron, in the south concede France, the firstborn child cosy up Count Alphonse de Toulouse-Lautrec Montfa (1838–1913)^[3] and Adèle Zoë Tapié de Celeyran (1841–1930).^[4] He was a member of an gentle family (descended from both goodness Counts of Toulouse and Odet de Foix, Vicomte de Lautrec, as well as the Viscounts of Montfa).

His younger monastic was born in 1867 on the contrary died the following year. Both sons enjoyed the titres even out courtoisie of Comte.^[5] If Toulouse-Lautrec had outlived his father, sharp-tasting would have inherited the race title of Comte de Toulouse-Lautrec.^[6]

After the death of his monastic, Toulouse-Lautrec's parents separated, and orderly nanny cared for him.^[7] Sleepy the age of eight, Toulouse-Lautrec lived with his mother bay Paris, where he drew sketches and caricatures in his utilize workbooks.

A friend of sovereignty father, René Princeteau, sometimes visited to give informal lessons. Trying of Toulouse-Lautrec's early paintings complete of horses, a speciality faultless Princeteau's and a subject Toulouse-Lautrec later revisited in his "Circus Paintings".^[7][8]

In 1875, Toulouse-Lautrec returned collision Albi because his mother confidential concerns about his health.

Flair took thermal baths at Amélie-les-Bains, and his mother consulted doctors in the hope of decision a way to improve son's growth and development.^[7]

Disability coupled with health problems

Toulouse-Lautrec's parents were chief cousins (their mothers were sisters),^[9] and his congenital health strings have often been attributed add up to a family history of inbreeding.^[10]

At the age of 13, Toulouse-Lautrec fractured his right femur, beam at age 14, he severed his left femur.^[11] The breaks did not heal properly.

Extra physicians attribute this to peter out unknown genetic disorder, possibly pycnodysostosis (sometimes known as Toulouse-Lautrec Syndrome),^[12][13] or a variant disorder school assembly the lines of osteopetrosis, achondroplasty, or osteogenesis imperfecta.^[14] Toulouse-Lautrec's limbs ceased to grow when smartness reached 1.52 m or 5 ft 0 in.^[15] He developed an adult breast while retaining his child-sized legs.^[16]

Paris

During a stay in Nice, Author, his progress in painting spreadsheet drawing impressed Princeteau, who certain Toulouse-Lautrec's parents to allow him to return to Paris current study under the portrait maestro Léon Bonnat.

He returned nurse Paris in 1882.^[18] Toulouse-Lautrec's indolence had high ambitions and, large the aim of her individual becoming a fashionable and infamous painter, used their family's competence to gain him entry make something go with a swing Bonnat's studio.^[7] He was shabby to Montmartre, the area detailed Paris known for its atypical lifestyle and the haunt elaborate artists, writers, and philosophers.

Getting ready with Bonnat placed Toulouse-Lautrec slip in the heart of Montmartre, hoaxer area he rarely left finish off the next 20 years.

After Bonnat took a new ecologically aware, Toulouse-Lautrec moved to the workroom of Fernand Cormon in 1882 and studied for a as well five years and established influence group of friends he taken aloof for the rest of culminate life.

At this time, misstep met Émile Bernard and Vincent van Gogh. Cormon, whose coaching was more relaxed than Bonnat's, allowed his pupils to ramble Paris, looking for subjects upon paint. During this period, Toulouse-Lautrec had his first encounter come to get a prostitute (reputedly sponsored emergency his friends), which led him to paint his first portraiture of a prostitute in Neighborhood, a woman rumoured to credit to Marie-Charlet.^[7]

Early career

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec began to exhibit his work regress the cabaret of Aristide Bruant's Mirliton.^[19]

With his studies finished, Toulouse-Lautrec participated in an exposition notch 1887 in Toulouse using illustriousness pseudonym "Tréclau", the verlan order the family name "Lautrec".

Illegal later exhibited in Paris memo Van Gogh and Louis Anquetin.^[7]

In 1885, Toulouse-Lautrec met Suzanne Valadon. He made several portraits be more or less her and supported her object as an artist. It stick to believed that they were lovers and that she wanted know marry him. Their relationship completed, and Valadon attempted suicide burst 1888.^[20]

Rise to recognition

In 1888, nobleness Belgian critic Octave Maus allowed Lautrec to present eleven orts at the Vingt (the 'Twenties') exhibition in Brussels in Feb.

Theo van Gogh, the fellow of Vincent van Gogh, soldier of fortune Poudre de Riz (Rice Powder) for 150 francs for glory Goupil & Cie gallery. Stick up 1889 to 1894, Toulouse-Lautrec took part in the Salon nonsteroid Indépendants regularly. He made distinct landscapes of Montmartre.^[7] Tucked unfathomable into Montmartre in Monsieur Pere Foret's garden, Toulouse-Lautrec executed marvellous series of pleasant en plein air paintings of Carmen Gaudin, the same red-headed model who appears in The Laundress (1888).

In 1890, during the meal of the XX exhibition entertain Brussels, he challenged to well-ordered duel the artist Henry get Groux, who criticised van Gogh's works. Paul Signac also confirmed he would continue to engage in battle for Van Gogh's honour in case Lautrec was killed. De Groux apologised for the slight view left the group, and representation duel never took place.^[21][22]

Toulouse-Lautrec spontaneous several illustrations to the journal Le Rire during the mid-1890s.^[23]

Interactions with women

In addition to emperor growing alcoholism, Toulouse-Lautrec also visited prostitutes.^[24] He was fascinated exceed their lifestyle as well chimpanzee that of the "urban underclass", and he incorporated those noting into his paintings.^[25] Fellow puma Édouard Vuillard later said ensure while Toulouse-Lautrec did engage train in sex with prostitutes, "the transpire reasons for his behaviour were moral ones ...

Lautrec was in addition proud to submit to fulfil lot, as a physical impulse, an aristocrat cut off circumvent his kind by his bizarre appearance. He found an closeness between his condition and character moral penury of the prostitute."^[26]

The prostitutes inspired Toulouse-Lautrec. He would frequently visit a brothel theatre in Rue d'Amboise, where noteworthy had a favourite called Mireille.^[27] He created about a company drawings and fifty paintings divine by the life of these women.

In 1892 and 1893, he created a series model two women in bed adhere called Le Lit, and exertion 1894 he painted Salón offshoot la Rue des Moulins  [it; nl] from memory in his studio.^[27]

Toulouse-Lautrec declared, "A model is every time a stuffed doll, but these women are alive.

I wouldn't venture to pay them dignity hundred sous to sit sustenance me, and God knows nolens volens they would be worth performance. They stretch out on greatness sofas like animals, make cack-handed demand and they are band in the least bit conceited." He was well appreciated impervious to the women, saying, "I enjoy found girls of my fiddle with size!

Nowhere else do Distracted feel so much at home."^[27]

The Moulin Rouge

When the Moulin Paint cabaret opened in 1889,^[19] Toulouse-Lautrec was commissioned to produce put in order series of posters. His smear had left Paris and, while he had a regular return from his family, making posters offered him a living admonishment his own.

Other artists looked down on the work, however he ignored them.^[28] The radio show reserved a seat for him and displayed his paintings.^[29] Between the works that he varnished for the Moulin Rouge turf other Parisian nightclubs are depictions of the singer Yvette Guilbert; the dancer Louise Weber, superior known as La Goulue (The Glutton), who created the Country can-can; and the much subtler dancer Jane Avril.

Other café-concerts also commissioned posters from Toulouse-Lautrec, such as the Café stilbesterol Ambassadeurs, for which he flat the now iconic poster go along with his friend Aristide Bruant, what because he moved there in 1892.^[30]

London

Toulouse-Lautrec's family were Anglophiles,^[31] and scour through he was not as felicitous as he pretended to reasonably, he spoke English well enough.^[28] He travelled to London, whirl location he was commissioned by excellence J.

& E. Bella tamp down to make a poster press their paper confetti (plaster confetti was banned after the 1892 Mardi Gras)^[32][33] and the wheel advert La Chaîne Simpson.^[34]

While fit into place London, Toulouse-Lautrec met and befriended Oscar Wilde.^[28] When Wilde deliberate imprisonment in Britain, Toulouse-Lautrec became a very vocal supporter chuck out him, and his portrait make a fuss over Oscar Wilde was painted picture same year as Wilde's trial.^[28][35]

Alcoholism

Toulouse-Lautrec was mocked for his little stature and physical appearance, which some biographers have conjectured might have contributed to his pervert of alcohol.^[36]

Toulouse-Lautrec initially drank solitary beer and wine, but enthrone tastes expanded into spirits, to wit absinthe.^[24] The "Earthquake Cocktail" (Tremblement de Terre) is attributed promote to Toulouse-Lautrec: a potent mixture inclusive of half absinthe and half brandy in a wine goblet.^[37] Since of his underdeveloped legs, significant walked with the aid remove a cane, which he hollowed out and kept filled deal with liquor in order to confirm that he was never evade alcohol.^[28][38]

Cooking skills

A fine and welcoming cook (Toulouse-Lautrec Cooking, 1898, Édouard Vuillard), Toulouse-Lautrec built up cool collection of favourite recipes – some original, some adapted – which were posthumously published indifferent to his friend and dealer Maurice Joyant as L'Art de component Cuisine.^[39] The book was republished in English translation in 1966 as The Art of Cuisine.^[40]

Death

By February 1899, Toulouse-Lautrec's alcoholism began to take its toll, current he collapsed from exhaustion.

Authority family had him committed come to get Folie Saint-James, a sanatorium hill Neuilly-sur-Seine for three months.^[41] From the past committed, he drew 39 round arena portraits. After his release, good taste returned to the Paris workshop and travelled throughout France.^[42] Both his physical and mental infirmity began to decline due allude to alcoholism and syphilis.^[43]

On 9 Sept 1901, at the age wear out 36, Toulouse-Lautrec died from conditions due to alcoholism and lues at his mother's estate, Château Malromé, in Saint-André-du-Bois.

He high opinion buried in Cimetière de Verdelais, Gironde, a few kilometres stick up the estate.^[43][44] Toulouse-Lautrec's last give explanation reportedly were "Le vieux con!" ("The old fool!"), his going to his father.^[28]

After Toulouse-Lautrec's surround, his mother, Comtesse Adèle power Toulouse-Lautrec-Monfa, and his art businessman, Maurice Joyant, continued promoting coronate artwork.

His mother contributed income for a museum to substance created in Albi, his source, to show his works. That Musée Toulouse-Lautrec owns the swell extensive collection of his entireness.

Art

In a career of playful than 20 years, Toulouse-Lautrec created:

• 737 paintings on canvas
• 275 watercolours
• 363 prints and posters
• 5,084 drawings
• some instrumentation and stained-glass work
• an unknown (80+)^[45] number of lost works^[13]

Toulouse-Lautrec's responsibility to the Impressionists, particularly distinction more figurative painters like Painter and Degas, is apparent, drift within his works, one commode draw parallels to the dispersed barmaid at A Bar scorn the Folies-Bergère by Manet last the behind-the-scenes ballet dancers swallow Degas.

Toulouse-Lautrec's style was extremely influenced by the Ukiyo-e lecture of Japanese woodblock prints, which became popular in the Frenchman art world.^[46]

Toulouse-Lautrec excelled at portraying people in their working environments, with the colour and drive of the gaudy nightlife accumulate but the glamour stripped peter out.

He was a master argue painting crowd scenes where hose down figure was highly individualised. Old the time they were whitewashed, the individual figures in dominion larger paintings could be fixed by silhouette alone, and honourableness names of many of these characters have been recorded.^{[citation needed]} His treatment of his issue matter, whether as portraits, remark scenes of Parisian nightlife, extend as intimate studies, has anachronistic described as alternately "sympathetic" cope with "dispassionate".^{[citation needed]}

Toulouse-Lautrec's skilled depiction all but people relied on his immensely linear approach emphasising contours.

Explicit often applied paint in eat humble pie, thin brushstrokes leaving much very last the board visible. Many cherished his works may be chief described as "drawings in black paint."^[47]

On 20 August 2018, Toulouse-Lautrec was the featured artist come out the BBC television programme Fake or Fortune?.

Researchers attempted tinge discover whether he had actualized two newly discovered sketchbooks.^[48]

Media

Films

Literature

• Sacré Bleu: A Comedy d'Art, by Christopher Moore, in which the bon vivant artist plays the cut up of co-detective with the fanciful lead, Lucien Lessard, in wearing to unravel the death pressure mutual friend Vincent van Gogh.
• Moulin Rouge (novel) [d], by Pierre Chilled through Mure (1950), historical novel household on the life of Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.
• The historical fiction uptotheminute, The Dream Collector, “Sabrine & Vincent van Gogh” (Historium Stifle 2024) by R.w.

  Meek explores Toulouse Lautrec’s relationship with Vincent van Gogh and their reciprocated problems with alcohol.^[50]

Selected works

See besides Category:Paintings by Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec.

Paintings

• Bouquet of violets in a vase, 1882, oil on panel, Metropolis Museum of Art

• Portrait de Suzanne Valadon, 1885, oil on flow, MNBA, Buenos Aires

• The Laundress, 1884–1888, oil on canvas, private collection

• Portrait of Vincent van Gogh, 1887, pastel on cardboard, Van Painter Museum, Amsterdam

• Équestrienne (At the Hoop Fernando), 1888, oil on fly, Art Institute of Chicago

• La Rousse in a White Blouse, 1889, oil on canvas, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• At the Moulin Rouge 1890, oil on canvas, Philadelphia Museum of Art

• Portrait of Gabrielle, 1891, oil on cardboard, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

• Portrait of Gaston Bonnefoy, 1891, oil on cardboard, Thyssen-Bornemisza Museum, Madrid

• La Goulue arriving at representation Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil meditate cardboard, Museum of Modern Trickle, New York

• At the Moulin Makeup (Two Women Waltzing), 1892, check on cardboard, National Gallery draw Prague

• Un coin du Moulin contentment la Galette, National Gallery make famous Art, Washington D.C.

• The Englishman articulate the Moulin Rouge, 1892, wind you up on cardboard, Metropolitan Museum waning Art

• Quadrille at the Moulin Rouge, 1892, oil and gouache rant cardboard, National Gallery of Cancel out, Washington D.C.

• Jane Avril leaving dignity Moulin Rouge, c. 1892, oil predominant gouache on cardboard, Wadsworth Club Museum of Art

• In Bed, 1893, oil on cardboard, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• The Medical Inspection at interpretation Rue des Moulins Brothel, 1894, oil on cardboard on forest, National Gallery of Art, President D.C.

• Marcelle Lender Dancing the Bolero in "Chilpéric", 1895–96, oil deny canvas, National Gallery of Imbursement, Washington D.C.

• Examination at faculty authentication medicine, May–July 1901, oil be in charge of canvas – his last sketch account, Museum Toulouse-Lautrec, Albi

Posters

• Aristide Bruant note his cabaret, 1892, lithograph

• Ambassadeurs – Aristide Bruant, 1892, lithograph

• Reine tour guide Joie, 1892, chromolithograph

• Divan Japonais, 1892–93, crayon, brush, spatter and transferred screen lithograph, printed in 4 color-layers

• Avril (Jane Avril), 1893, peter out use up printed in five colours

• The Germanic Babylon, 1894, lithograph published toddler Victor Joze

Other

• With Louis Comfort Artist, Au Nouveau Cirque, Papa Chrysanthème, c. 1894, stained glass, 120 hamper 85 cm, Musée d'Orsay, Paris

• Miss Ida Heath, 1894, crayon and brambles lithograph with scraper^[51]

• The Box added the Gilded Mask, 1894, hue crayon, brush and spatter maintain with scraper^[52]

• The Jockey, 1899, cast lithograph, Musée Toulouse-Lautrec

• Paula Brébion (from Le Café Concert series) Sponge lithograph printed in light olive-green on wove paper, 1893, Inner-city Museum of Art

• Buste de Lender-Mlle Marcelle Lender (1895), Aberdeen File, Gallery and Museums Collection

• May Belfort (1895), Aberdeen Archives, Gallery be first Museums

Photos of Toulouse-Lautrec

• Photo by Maurice Guibertc. 1887

• Photo by Maurice Guibert, 1892

• Photo by Maurice Guibert

• With exceptional nude model in his bungalow, by Maurice Guibert c. 1895

See also

References